THE PROBLEM OF INFANTICIDE IN THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS

Jelena Govedarica

doi:10.2298/FID250618006G

Autori

Govedarica Govedarica Research Associate, Institute for Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/FID250618006G

Ključne reči:

žene, razlike među polovima, čast roda, seksualni odnosi pre braka, prirodno stanje, pravo nužde, pravo odmazde, smrtna kazna, Bekarija, reforma zakonodavstva

Apstrakt

U okviru rasprave o pravu kažnjavanja u Metafizici morala Kant naizgled tvrdi da se neudata žena koja ubije svoje novorođenče da bi očuvala „čast roda“ nalazi u prirodnom stanju, zbog čega je država ne može kazniti na isti način na koji kažnjava ostale ubice. Na kraju pasusa, pak, on zaključuje da se čedomorstvo, kao i svako drugo ubistvo, mora kazniti smrću počinioca, bez obzira na to što će u očima javnosti ova kazna biti nepravedna sve dok je zakonodavstvo još „varvarsko i nerazvijeno“. U tekstu tvrdim da Kant ni u jednom trenutku nije zagovarao kaznu blažu od smrtne, a da implikacije metafore prirodnog stanja i analogije između čedomorstva i prava nužde njegovu argumentaciju čine kontradiktornom. Zbog toga sporne delove pasusa treba tumačiti kao stavove koje je Kant pripisivao Bekariji, a čitav pasus kao nastavak polemike koju je eksplicitno sa njim vodio po pitanju legitimnosti smrtne kazne.

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