Politics of Memory, Historical Revisionism, and Negationism in Postsocialist Serbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/FID1703631SKljučne reči:
Politics of memory, illegitimate revisionism, negationism, historiography, post-communist Serbia, legitimation of Chetniks, Second World War.Apstrakt
This paper explores the phenomenon of revisionism in historiography, while focusing in particular on illegitimate revisionism and negationism. It is indisputably true that historiography must be subject to constant revisions. Like all scientific theories, it needs to be characterized by a sort of “conservative”
openness towards new ideas; however, revisions and negations are often put forward without scientific grounding. They reject the well-established historiographical methods, while opening themselves to various kinds of ideologies, biases and manipulations. The paper further offers a synthesized overview of
the revisionist practice in dominant parts of the society and historiography in post-communist Serbia. The change in the ideological paradigm that occurred in the 1980s was accompanied by a politically motivated reinterpretation of the past, which primarily focused on World War II in Yugoslavia. In Serbia in the
1990s, Tito’s Partisans were no longer celebrated as national heroes and fighters against fascism; they were replaced by the royalist and nationalist Chetniks led by Draža Mihailović, whose collaboration with the occupying forces was purposefully glossed over. The nationalist interpretation of history and the new revisionist politics in Serbia were supported by the state and the activities of its three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. In spite of the political changes that took place in Serbia in 2000, the dominant nationalist matrix in historical interpretations and revisionist politics remained unchanged.
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Calvocoressi, Peter (1948), Nuremberg: the facts, the law and the consequences. New York: Macmillan.
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Cohen, I. Bernard (1952), Orthodoxy and scientific progress. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 96 (5): 505-512.
Cole, Stephen (1992), Making Science: Between Nature and Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Cvetković, Srđan (2006), Između srpa i čekića. Represija u Srbiji 1944-1953. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju.
Dimitrijević, Bojan B. (2014), Vojska Nedićeve Srbije. Oružane snage Srpske vlade 1941-1945. Beograd: Službeni glasnik.
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Đuretić, Veselin (1985), Saveznici i jugoslovenska ratna drama, I–II. Beograd: Balkanološki institut SANU.
Evans, Richard J. (1999), In Defense of History. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company.
Feder, Kenneth L. (2014), Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology, 8th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
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Karapandžić, Borivoje (1959), Kočevje: Titov najkrvaviji zločin. Klivlend.
Kačavenda, Petar (ed.) (1987), Metodologija savremene istorije. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju.
Knežević Živan, Knežević, Radoje (1982), Sloboda ili smrt. Klivlend.
Kopeček, Michal (ed.) (2008), Past in the Making: Historical Revisionism in Central Europe. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.
Krakov, Stanislav (1963), General Milan Nedić, 1–2. Minhen: Iskra.
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Laudan, Larry (1977), Progress and Its Problems: Toward a Theory of Scientific Growth. Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press.
Laudan, Larry (1983), The demise of the demarcation problem. In: R. S. Cohen and L. Laudan (eds), Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, pp. 111-127.
Lefkowitz, Mary R. (1996), Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History. New York: Basic Books.
Lefkowitz, Mary R. and Guy MacLean Rodgers (eds) (1996), Black Athena Revisited. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press.
Lipstadt, Deborah (1993), Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. New York: The Free Press.
Marjanović, Jovan (1979), Draža Mihailović između Britanaca i Nemaca. Zagreb: Globus.
McMullin, Ernst. (1982), Values in science. PSA, vol. II: 3-28.
Mihailović, Dragoljub M. (1998), Rat i mir đenerala: izabrani ratni spisi, 1–2, M. Vesović, K. Nikolić, B. Dimitrijević (ed.) Beograd: Srpska reč.
Milosavljević, Olivera (2012), , „Uzurpirana pobeda“, Antifašizam pred izazovima savremenosti, M. Bešlin, P. Atanacković (ed.) Novi Sad: Alternativna kulturna organizacija, pp. 115–119.
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Milošević, Srđan (2013), Istorija pred sudom. Interpretacija prošlosti i pravni aspekti u rehabilitaciji kneza Pavla Karađorđevića. Beograd: Fabrika knjiga.
Nickerson, Raymond S. (1998), Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology 2 (2): 175-220.
Nikolić, Kosta (1999) Istorija ravnogorskog pokreta 1941-1945, 1–3. Beograd: Srpska reč.
Nikolić, Kosta, Dimitrijević, Bojan (2011), General Dragoljub Mihailović 1893-1946, Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike.
Pajović, Borivoj, Radević, Milorad (1969), Bibliografija o ratu i revoluciji u Jugoslaviji. Posebna izdanja 1945–1965. Beograd: Vojnoizdavački zavod.
Petranović, Branko (1983), Revolucija i kontrarevolucija u Jugoslaviji 1941-1945, 1–2. Beograd: Rad.
Petranović, Branko (1992), Srbija u drugom svetskom ratu 1939-1945. Beograd: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar.
Popper, Karl R. (1935/2002), Logic of Scientific Discovery. London and New York: Routledge.
Popper, Karl R. (1945/1947), The Open Society and Its Enemies, 2 vols. London: Routledge & Sons.
Popper, Karl R. (1963), Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Radanović, Milan (2011 ), “Istorijska politika u Srbiji nakon 2000. Primeri manifestovanja sprege između državnog akademskog revizionizma i državne revizije prošlosti”, Izgubljeno u tranziciji. Kritička analiza procesa društvene
transformacije, A. Veselinović, P. Atanacković, Ž. Klarić (ed.) Beograd: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, pp. 258–303.
Radanović, Milan (2012), „Zakonodavna politika Vlade Republike Srbije (2004–2011) u službi revizije prošlosti. Zakon o rehabilitaciji i njegova primena kao paradigma istorijskog revizionizma u Srbiji“, Antifašizam pred izazovima savremenosti, M. Bešlin, P. Atanacković (ed.) Novi Sad: Alternativna kulturna organizacija, pp. 81–110.
Radanović, Milan (2014), „Otkopavanje istine ili normalizovanje kolaboracionizma? O formiranju i delovanju dve revizionističke komisije pod okriljem Vlade Republike Srbije 2009–2012.“, Preispitivanje prošlosti i istorijski revizionizam, M. Petrović (ed.) Beograd: Udruženje ”Španski borci 1936–1939” i Fakultet političkih nauka, pp. 143–174.
Radanović, Milan (2015), Kazna i zločin. Snage kolaboracije u Srbiji. Beograd: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. Radanović, Milan, „Sudska rehabilitacija ministra Momčila Jankovića kao važan korak u političkoj rehabilitaciji snaga srpskog kvislinštva“, (internet) available at: http://www.starosajmiste.info/blog/sudska-rehabilitacija-ministramomcila-jankovica-kao-vazan-korak-u-politickoj-rehabilitaciji-snaga-srpskogkvislinstva/ (viewed 14 April, 2015)
Radonjić, Radmila, Jurjeva, Inesa (1987), Bibliografija radova o Narodnooslobodilačkom ratu i revoluciji u Jugoslaviji (1941–1945), 1945–1980. Beograd: Narodna biblioteka Srbije.
Radović, Srđan (2013), Grad kao tekst. Beograd: Biblioteka XX vek.
Samardžić Miloslav (2004–2010), General Draža Mihailović i opšta istorija četničkog pokreta, 1–5. Kragujevac: Novi pogledi.
Sekulović, Aleksandar (2009), „Pravni aspekti eventualne rehabilitacije Draže Mihailovića“, Istina, No. 8, avgust, Beograd, pp. 21–22.
Sekulović, Aleksandar (2016), Rehabilitacija Draže Mihailovića. Političko nasilje nad istinom i pravom. Beograd: Savez antifašista Srbije.
Shermer, Michael (1997/2002), Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time, Revised and Expanded. New York: Henry Holt.
Shermer, Michael and Alex Grobman (2000/2009), Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? Updated and Expanded. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Stanković, Đorđe (2009), „Politička represija i rehabilitacija“, Tokovi istorije, br. 1–2, Beograd: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije, pp. 215–236.
Stojanović, Dubravka (2008), „Revizija revizije. 1941. u udžbenicima istorije u Srbiji“, u: Kultura sjećanja: 1941, S. Bosto, T. Cipek, O. Milosavljević (ed.) Zagreb: Disput, pp. 157–164.
Stojanović, Dubravka (2010), „Tumačenja istorije, sistem vrednosti i kulturni obrazac“, u: Ulje na vodi. Ogledi iz istorije sadašnjosti Srbije. Beograd: Peščanik, pp. 125–157.
Stone, Dan (ed.) (2004), The Historiography of the Holocaust. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Škorić, Marko (2010), Sociologija nauke: mertonovski i konstruktivistički programi. Sremski Karlovci i Novi Sad: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića.
Topalović, Živko (1964), Kako su komunisti dograbili vlast u Jugoslaviji. London: Naša reč.
Topalović, Živko (1968), Srbija pod Dražom. London: Budućnost.
Tucker, Aviezer (2008), Historiographic revision and revisionism: The evidential
difference. In: M. Kopeček (2008), pp. 1-16.
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2017-09-29
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Milivoj Bešlin, M. Škorić, (2017) „Politics of Memory, Historical Revisionism, and Negationism in Postsocialist Serbia“, Filozofija i društvo/Philosophy and Society. Belgrade, Serbia, 28(3), стр. 631–650. doi: 10.2298/FID1703631S.
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