The esse-essentia distinction in the Summa Contra Gentiles, II 52-54
pages: 414-435
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/FID1502414MApstrakt
The article analyzes Aquinas’s arguments for real distinction between essence and being (esse) as presented in the chapters 52-54 of the second book of the Summa contra gentiles, in the wider context of his metapyhsics. First, the paper analyzes the determinations of God on the basis of real distinction (Ipsum esse subsistens, creator, infinite perfection), and after that it analyzes the role of the act and potency, priority of act, separation of the act from the form in Aquinas’s understanding of esse, as well as the concept of existential participation; in doing so, the difference among those concepts in Plato and Aristotle and in Aquinas is accentuated. At the end, the paper analyzes the role of two kinds of causality, efficient and formal in real distinction. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179049] Keywords: esse, being, essence, Thomas Aquinas, participation, actus essendi, ipsum esse subsistens, Summa Contra Gentiles
Reference
a) Originalna dela
St. Thomas Aquinas Sancti Thomae Aquinatis doctoris angelici Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII. O. M. edita., cura et studio fratrum praedictoruma, Roma, 1882–). Dostupno na http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/repedleo.
html (posećeno 11. septembra 2014).
—— Corpus thomisticum, kompletna dela u latinskom originalu, dostupno na: http://www.corpusthomisticum.org (posećeno 11. septembra 2014).
—— (1947) Compendium of Theology, translated by Cyril Vollert, S.F., S.T.D., St. Louis & London: B. Herder Book Co.
—— (1949) The Soul translated by John Patrick Rowan, St. Louis & London: B. Herder Book Co. [Quaestiones disputatae de anima]
—— (1952) On the Power of God, translated by the English Dominican Fathers, The Newman Press: Westminster, Maryland.
—— (1983) Quodlibetal Questions 1 and 2, tr. Sandra Edwards, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
—— (1990) Izbor iz djela, dva toma, Prevod Veljko Gortan, Josip Barbarić. Zagreb: Naprijed.
—— (1993) Suma protiv pogana, prevod o. Avgustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Kršćanska sadašnjost.
—— (1995) Opuscula philosophica, prvi tom, prev. o. Augustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (1996) Opuscula philosophica, drugi tom, prev. o. Augustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (2001) Pariške rasprave Tome Akvinskoga. Raspravljena i kvodlibetalna pitanja, prevod Augustin Pavlović O.P. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (2005) Izabrano djelo, izabrao i preveo Tomo Vereš, drugo znatno proišireno i dotjerano izdanje priredio Anto Gavrić, Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus.
—— (1996) Commentary on the Book of Causes, translated and annotated by Vincent A. Guagliardo, O.P., Charles R. Hess, O.P., Richard C. Taylor, Introduction by Vincent A. Guagliardo, O.P. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
Aristotel (1970) Organon. Sa starogrčkog prevela dr Ksenija Atanasijević, Beograd: Kultura.
—— (1988a) Metafizika. Prijevod s izvornika Tomislav Ladan, Zagreb: Globus, S.N. Liber.
—— (1988b) Fizika. Prijevod s izvornika Tomislav Ladan, Zagreb: Globus, S.N. Liber.
b) ostalo
Brock, Stephen L. (2007) „Harmonizing Plato and Aristotle on Esse: Thomas Aquinas and the De hebdomadibus“, Nova et Vetera, English Edition 5: 465–494.
Buersmeyer, Keith (1986) „The Verb and Existence”, The New Scholasticism 60: 145–162.
Clarke, Norris W., S.J. (1952a) „The meaning of Participation in St. Thomas“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 26: 147–157.
—(1952b) „The Limitation of Act by Potency: Aristotelianism or Neoplatonism“, The New Scholasticism 26: 167–194.
Cunningham, Francis A. S.J. (1974) „Averroes vs. Avicenna on Being“, The New Scholasticism 48: 185–218.
—— (1988) Essence and Existence in Thomism: A Mental vs. The „Real Distinction”, Lanham: University Press of America.
Fabro, Cornelio (1974) „The Intensive Hermeneutics of Thomistic Philosophy: The Notion of Participation“, Review of Metaphysics 27: 449–491.
Gilson, Ethienne (1952) Being and Some Philosophers, Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies.
—— (1955) History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages, New York: Random House.
—— (1960) Elements of Christian Philosophy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company.
—— (1991) The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy, Notre Dame, London: University of Notre Dame Press.
—— (2006) The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
Houser, R.E. (2007) „The Real Distinction and the Principles of Metapysics: Avicenna and Aquinas“, u R.E. Houser (ed.), Laudemus viros gloriosos.
Essays in Honor of Armand Maurer, CSB, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, str. 75–108.
Kahn, Charles H. (2009a) „Why Existence Does Not Emerge as a Distinct Concept in Greek Philosophy“, u Essays on Being, Oxford: Oxford University Press, str. 62–74.
—— (2009b) „The Greek Verb ‘To Be’ and the Concept of Being“, u u Essays on Being, Oxford: Oxford University Press, str. 16–40.
Nash, Peter W. (1957) „The Accidentality of Esse According to Giles of Rome“, Gregorianum 38: 103–115.
Owens, Joseph, C.Ss.R. (1946) „An Aristotelian Text Related to the Distinction of Being and Essence“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 21: 165–172.
—— (1963) An Elementary Christian Metaphysics, Torronto, Bruce Publishing.
—— (1965) “Quiddity and Real Distinction in St. Thomas Aquinas”, Mediaeval Studies 27: 1–22.
—— (1980) „The Accidental and Essential Character of Being in the Doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas“, u St. Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God.
Collected Papers of Joseph Owens, C. Ss. R., ed. John R. Catan, Albany: State University of New York Press, str. 52–96.
—— (1993). „Aristotle and Aquinas”. U N. Kretzman, E. Stump (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 38–59.
O’Shaughnessy, Thomas, S.J. (1959) „St. Thomas’s Changing Estimate of Avicenna’s Teaching on Existence as an Accident“, The Modern Schoolman 36: 245–260.
Sweeney Leo (1957a) „Divine Infinity: 1150–1250“ The Modern Schoolman 35 (1957): 38–51.
—— (1957b) „Some Mediaeval Opponents of Divine Infinity“, Mediaeval Studies 19 (1957): 233–245.
—— (1963) „Existence/Essence in Thomas Aquinas’s Early Writings“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 37: 97–131.
Taylor, J. C. (2002) „Essence and Existence“, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Washington, D.C, The Catholic University of America Press, tom 5, str. 363–368.
Te Velde, Rudi A. (1995) Participation and Substantiality in Thomas Aquinas, Leiden, E.J. Brill.
White, Kevin (2014) „Act and Fact: On a Disputed Question in Recent Thomistic Metaphysics“, The Review of Metaphysics 68: 287–312.
Wippel, John (1987) „Thomas Aquinas and Participation”, u J. Wippel (ed.), Studies in Medieval Philosophy, Washington, D.C., The Catholic University of America Press 1987, str. 117–157.
—(2007) „The Latin Avicenna as a Source fot Thomas Aqunas’s Metaphysics“, u Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas II, Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, str. 31–64.
—(2015) „Cornelio Fabro on the Distinction and Composition of Essence and Esse“, The Review of Metaphysics 68: 573–592.
Wisnovsky, Robert (2005) „Avicenna and the Avicennian Tradition”, u Peter Adamson, Richard Taylor C. (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, str. 92–136.
St. Thomas Aquinas Sancti Thomae Aquinatis doctoris angelici Opera omnia iussu Leonis XIII. O. M. edita., cura et studio fratrum praedictoruma, Roma, 1882–). Dostupno na http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/repedleo.
html (posećeno 11. septembra 2014).
—— Corpus thomisticum, kompletna dela u latinskom originalu, dostupno na: http://www.corpusthomisticum.org (posećeno 11. septembra 2014).
—— (1947) Compendium of Theology, translated by Cyril Vollert, S.F., S.T.D., St. Louis & London: B. Herder Book Co.
—— (1949) The Soul translated by John Patrick Rowan, St. Louis & London: B. Herder Book Co. [Quaestiones disputatae de anima]
—— (1952) On the Power of God, translated by the English Dominican Fathers, The Newman Press: Westminster, Maryland.
—— (1983) Quodlibetal Questions 1 and 2, tr. Sandra Edwards, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
—— (1990) Izbor iz djela, dva toma, Prevod Veljko Gortan, Josip Barbarić. Zagreb: Naprijed.
—— (1993) Suma protiv pogana, prevod o. Avgustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Kršćanska sadašnjost.
—— (1995) Opuscula philosophica, prvi tom, prev. o. Augustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (1996) Opuscula philosophica, drugi tom, prev. o. Augustin Pavlović. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (2001) Pariške rasprave Tome Akvinskoga. Raspravljena i kvodlibetalna pitanja, prevod Augustin Pavlović O.P. Zagreb: Demetra.
—— (2005) Izabrano djelo, izabrao i preveo Tomo Vereš, drugo znatno proišireno i dotjerano izdanje priredio Anto Gavrić, Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus.
—— (1996) Commentary on the Book of Causes, translated and annotated by Vincent A. Guagliardo, O.P., Charles R. Hess, O.P., Richard C. Taylor, Introduction by Vincent A. Guagliardo, O.P. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
Aristotel (1970) Organon. Sa starogrčkog prevela dr Ksenija Atanasijević, Beograd: Kultura.
—— (1988a) Metafizika. Prijevod s izvornika Tomislav Ladan, Zagreb: Globus, S.N. Liber.
—— (1988b) Fizika. Prijevod s izvornika Tomislav Ladan, Zagreb: Globus, S.N. Liber.
b) ostalo
Brock, Stephen L. (2007) „Harmonizing Plato and Aristotle on Esse: Thomas Aquinas and the De hebdomadibus“, Nova et Vetera, English Edition 5: 465–494.
Buersmeyer, Keith (1986) „The Verb and Existence”, The New Scholasticism 60: 145–162.
Clarke, Norris W., S.J. (1952a) „The meaning of Participation in St. Thomas“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 26: 147–157.
—(1952b) „The Limitation of Act by Potency: Aristotelianism or Neoplatonism“, The New Scholasticism 26: 167–194.
Cunningham, Francis A. S.J. (1974) „Averroes vs. Avicenna on Being“, The New Scholasticism 48: 185–218.
—— (1988) Essence and Existence in Thomism: A Mental vs. The „Real Distinction”, Lanham: University Press of America.
Fabro, Cornelio (1974) „The Intensive Hermeneutics of Thomistic Philosophy: The Notion of Participation“, Review of Metaphysics 27: 449–491.
Gilson, Ethienne (1952) Being and Some Philosophers, Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies.
—— (1955) History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages, New York: Random House.
—— (1960) Elements of Christian Philosophy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company.
—— (1991) The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy, Notre Dame, London: University of Notre Dame Press.
—— (2006) The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
Houser, R.E. (2007) „The Real Distinction and the Principles of Metapysics: Avicenna and Aquinas“, u R.E. Houser (ed.), Laudemus viros gloriosos.
Essays in Honor of Armand Maurer, CSB, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, str. 75–108.
Kahn, Charles H. (2009a) „Why Existence Does Not Emerge as a Distinct Concept in Greek Philosophy“, u Essays on Being, Oxford: Oxford University Press, str. 62–74.
—— (2009b) „The Greek Verb ‘To Be’ and the Concept of Being“, u u Essays on Being, Oxford: Oxford University Press, str. 16–40.
Nash, Peter W. (1957) „The Accidentality of Esse According to Giles of Rome“, Gregorianum 38: 103–115.
Owens, Joseph, C.Ss.R. (1946) „An Aristotelian Text Related to the Distinction of Being and Essence“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 21: 165–172.
—— (1963) An Elementary Christian Metaphysics, Torronto, Bruce Publishing.
—— (1965) “Quiddity and Real Distinction in St. Thomas Aquinas”, Mediaeval Studies 27: 1–22.
—— (1980) „The Accidental and Essential Character of Being in the Doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas“, u St. Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God.
Collected Papers of Joseph Owens, C. Ss. R., ed. John R. Catan, Albany: State University of New York Press, str. 52–96.
—— (1993). „Aristotle and Aquinas”. U N. Kretzman, E. Stump (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 38–59.
O’Shaughnessy, Thomas, S.J. (1959) „St. Thomas’s Changing Estimate of Avicenna’s Teaching on Existence as an Accident“, The Modern Schoolman 36: 245–260.
Sweeney Leo (1957a) „Divine Infinity: 1150–1250“ The Modern Schoolman 35 (1957): 38–51.
—— (1957b) „Some Mediaeval Opponents of Divine Infinity“, Mediaeval Studies 19 (1957): 233–245.
—— (1963) „Existence/Essence in Thomas Aquinas’s Early Writings“, Proceedings of American Catholic Philosophical Association 37: 97–131.
Taylor, J. C. (2002) „Essence and Existence“, New Catholic Encyclopedia, Washington, D.C, The Catholic University of America Press, tom 5, str. 363–368.
Te Velde, Rudi A. (1995) Participation and Substantiality in Thomas Aquinas, Leiden, E.J. Brill.
White, Kevin (2014) „Act and Fact: On a Disputed Question in Recent Thomistic Metaphysics“, The Review of Metaphysics 68: 287–312.
Wippel, John (1987) „Thomas Aquinas and Participation”, u J. Wippel (ed.), Studies in Medieval Philosophy, Washington, D.C., The Catholic University of America Press 1987, str. 117–157.
—(2007) „The Latin Avicenna as a Source fot Thomas Aqunas’s Metaphysics“, u Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas II, Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, str. 31–64.
—(2015) „Cornelio Fabro on the Distinction and Composition of Essence and Esse“, The Review of Metaphysics 68: 573–592.
Wisnovsky, Robert (2005) „Avicenna and the Avicennian Tradition”, u Peter Adamson, Richard Taylor C. (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, str. 92–136.
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2015-05-27
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Milidrag, P. (2015) „The esse-essentia distinction in the Summa Contra Gentiles, II 52-54: pages: 414-435“, Filozofija i društvo/Philosophy and Society. Belgrade, Serbia, 26(2). doi: 10.2298/FID1502414M.
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