‘Unjust Enemy’ or ‘Monster Dilemma’ Revisited. On the Conditions and the Paradox of a Theological Fiction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/FID2204949BKeywords:
unjust enemy, monster, criminalization, hostility, destructionAbstract
The text once more reconstructs the perennially fashionable “figure” within public and international law, as well as a theologized construction: an evil-doer who must be destroyed in the conflict or war. The “unjust enemy”, always mutually recognized and often indicated as the other side in every conflict (and particularly ambiguously and obscurely in the current war between Russia and Ukraine), should satisfy certain conditions for them to be linked to “evil” and “the alliance of all against evil”, in the production of world peace and infinite restraint from war. By classifying various forms of hostile protocols, my intention is to show the substantive incompleteness and weakness of the term “enemy”, and thus the impossibility and myth of a symmetric use of force.
References
Achenwall, Gottfried; Pütter, Johann Stephan (1995/1750), Elementa iuris naturae, Frankfurt am Main: Insel Velag.
Bojanić, Petar (2007a), “Kant i pravo na preventivno nasilje i rat”, in Nasilje, figure suverenosti, Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju, Filip Visnjić, pp. 63–76.
–. (2007b), “Mad Dog. Poslednji neprijatelj”, in Nasilje, figure suverenosti, Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju, Filip Visnjić, pp. 47–62.
–. (2011), “The Figures of (a)Symmetry: ‘Pirates’”, Filosofia politica 25 (2): 207–215.
Eberl, Oliver; Niesen, Peter (2011), „Kein Frieden mit dem ‘ungerechten Feind’?“, in Oliver Eberl (ed.), Transnationalisierung der Volkssouveranität, Stuttgart: Steiner, pp. 219–249.
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (2000), Foundations of Natural Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Frank, Martin (2011), „Kant und der ungerechte Feind“, Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 59 (2): 199–219.
Frowe, Helen (2011), The Ethics of War and Peace. An Introduction, London: Routledge.
Heller, Hermann (1928), „Politische Demokratie und soziale Homogenität“, in Probleme der Demokratie, Berlin-Grunewald: Dr. Walther Rotschild, Politische Wissenschaft, Heft 5, pp. 35–47.
Kant, Immanuel (1968), Die Metaphysik der Sitten, Werke, Vol. 6, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
–. (1979/1784), Kant’s Vorlesungen, Vol. 27, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
–. (1991), The Metaphysic of Morals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
–. (2003), Kant’s Natural Right, notes by Gottfried Feyerabend, internet publication.
Meisels, Tamar (2017), Contemporary Just War, Routledge: London, pp. 12–14.
–. (manuscript), “Targeted Killing with Drones? Old Arguments, New Technologies”.
Miklaucic, Michael (2016), “An Interview with Stanley McChrystal”, Prism 6 (3): 178–188.
Nagel, Thomas (2016), “Really Good at Killing”, London Review of Books, 3 March.
Rech, Walter (2013), Enemies of Mankind: Vattel’s Theory of Collective Security, Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
Reichberg, Gregory M. (2008), “Just War and Regular War: Competing Paradigms”, in David Rodin, Henry Shue (eds.), Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 193–213.
Rodin, David (2002), War & Self-Defense, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rodin, David; Shue, Henry (2008), “Introduction”, in David Rodin, Henry Shue (eds.), Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–18.
Russell, Bertrand (1915), “The Ethics of War”, The International Journal of Ethics 25 (2): 127–142.
Schmitt, Carl (1928), „Der Begriff des Politischen“, in Probleme der Demokratie, Berlin-Grunewald: Dr. Walther Rotschild, Politische Wissenschaft, Heft 5, pp. 1–34.
–. (1963/1932), Der Begriff des Politischen, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
–. (1988/1950), Der Nomos der Erde im Völkerrecht des Jus Publicum Europaeum, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
–. (1991), Glossarium. Aufzeichnungen der Jahre 1947-1951, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
–. (2018), Tagebücher 1925 bis 1929, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
Shell, Susan Meld (2005), “Kant on Just War and ‘Unjust Enemies’: Reflections on a ‘Pleonasm’”, Kantian Review 10: 82–111.
Tesón, Fernando (2013), “What is a Terrorist?”, Bleeding Heart Libertarians, 23 April.
Vattel, Emer de (1758), Le droit de gens, London, Neuchatel.
–. (2011), The Law of Nations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Walzer, Michael (2013), “Coda: Can the Good Guys Win?”, The European Journal of International Law 24 (1): 433–444.
–. (2016), “Just & Unjust Targeted Killing & Drone Warfare”, Daedalus 145 (4): 12–24.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Filozofija i društvo/Philosophy and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in Philosophy and Society are open-access in accordance with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License.